Disability discrimination occurs when an employer treats an employee or job applicant unfavorably due to a physical or mental disability, perceived disability, or association with an individual with a disability. This form of workplace discrimination can manifest in various ways, including hiring, promotions, job assignments, compensation, layoffs, training opportunities, and other conditions of employment. Federal and state laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA), prohibit employers from engaging in discriminatory practices against individuals with disabilities and require them to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified employees.

A disability can include a wide range of conditions, from mobility impairments, chronic illnesses, and mental health disorders to temporary disabilities caused by injuries or medical treatments. The law also protects individuals with a history of disability, such as cancer survivors, and those who are perceived to have a disability, even if they do not have an actual medical impairment. Despite these legal protections, many employees still experience discrimination, barriers to employment, and unfair treatment based on their medical conditions.